Abstract Low density sugarcane plantation (LDSP) has been implemented by some sugarcane producers in Brazil, aiming to save seeds and operational costs. The study was carried out in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Five planting densities were used, varying from 5 to 25 m-2 of buds arranged in randomized blocks, with four replications. Data were measured annually over three cultivation cycles (2017 to 2020), during which the field was fertilized with NPK and the harvests were carried out manually without prior burning. The lower planting density presents higher productivity only in the cane plant (101.03 t ha-1) due to the higher plant height (2.37 m) and the higher number of stalks (11 stalks m-2), suggesting that these variables are due to the greater availability of light, water and photosynthate. However, there is a drastic reduction in sugarcane yield for this lower population in the 2nd ratoon by up to 65.62%, which is correlated with number of stalks per meter. We demonstrate the agronomic viability of LDSP in the population of 10 buds m-2 in relation to conventional planting of sugarcane until the 2nd ratoon. Data are important for future studies to present additional considerations for other production factors, such as the effects of mechanized harvesting and the management of nutrients and water, assessing the sustainability of this large-scale planting system.

Resumo O método de plantio de cana-de-açúcar de baixa densidade (LDSP) vem sendo implementado por alguns produtores de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, visando economia de sementes e custos operacionais. O estudo foi realizado no município de Areia, Paraíba, Brasil. Utilizou-se cinco densidades de plantio, variando de 5 a 25 m-2 de gemas dispostas em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram medidos anualmente ao longo de três ciclos de cultivo (2017 a 2020). Menor densidade de plantio mostrou maior produtividade (101,03 t ha-1) devido à maior altura de planta (2,37 m) e ao maior número de hastes (NS) (11 hastes m-2), sugerindo que essas variáveis são devido à maior disponibilidade de luz, água e fotoassimilados. No entanto, houve redução drástica na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar para esta população menor na 2ª soca em 65,62%, estando correlacionado com o número de colmos por metro. Demonstramos a viabilidade agronômica do LDSP em uma população de 10 gemas m-2 em relação ao plantio convencional de cana-de-açúcar até a 2ª soca. Os dados são importantes para que estudos futuros apresentem considerações adicionais sobre outros fatores de produção, como os efeitos da colheita mecanizada e do manejo de nutrientes e água, avaliando a sustentabilidade desse sistema de plantio em larga escala.

Resumo Megaleporinus macrocephalus é uma espécie de peixe anostomatídeo nativa da bacia do rio Paraguai, no bioma Pantanal do oeste do Brasil. No entanto, essa espécie já foi registrada em várias outras drenagens, incluindo as dos rios Alto Paraná, Uruguai, Jacuí, Doce, Mucuri e Paraíba do Sul. Este estudo apresenta dois novos registros da ocorrência de M. macrocephalus, nas bacias dos rios Itapecuru e Mearim, no estado do Maranhão, no nordeste brasileiro. O piaussu é um peixe de grande porte, de interesse comercial, amplamente criado em pisciculturas, e sua ocorrência nos rios Itapecuru e Mearim é provavelmente o resultado de indivíduos que escapam dos tanques quando transbordam durante a estação chuvosa. Análises morfológicas e sequências do gene da subunidade I do citocromo oxidase (COI) confirmaram a identificação taxonômica dos espécimes como M. macrocephalus. As sequências de COI foram 99,66% semelhantes às de M. macrocephalus depositadas no banco de dados BOLDSystems. Esses registros estendem a conhecida distribuição de M. macrocephalus às bacias dos rios Itapecuru e Mearim, no nordeste brasileiro, destacando um novo caso de introdução de espécies exóticas de peixes nas bacias hidrográficas brasileiras.

Abstract The “piaussu”, Megaleporinus macrocephalus is an anostomatid fish species native to the basin of the Paraguay River, in the Pantanal biome of western Brazil. However, this species has now been recorded in a number of other drainages, including those of the upper Paraná, Uruguay, Jacuí, Doce, Mucuri, and Paraíba do Sulrivers. This study presents two new records of the occurrence of M. macrocephalus, in the basins of the Itapecuru and Mearim rivers in the state of Maranhão, in the Brazilian Northeast. The piaussu is a large-bodied fish of commercial interest that is widely raised on fish farms, and its occurrence in the Itapecuru and Mearim rivers is likely the result of individuals escaping from fish tanks when they overflow during the rainy season. Morphological analyses and sequences of the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene confirmed the taxonomic identification of the specimens as M. macrocephalus. The COI sequences were 99.66% similar to those of M. macrocephalus deposited in the BOLDSystems database. These records extend the known distribution of M. macrocephalus to the basins of the Itapecuru and Mearim rivers in the Brazilian Northeast, highlighting a new case of introduction of exotic fish species into Brazilian river basins.

SUMMARY Introduction: Over the counter drugs (OTC) represent a significant market share in the global and Brazilian pharmaceutical market and are important in the management of minor ailments and to responsible self-medication through the pharmacist's clinical performance. Thus, the main of this research was to identify the OTC most commonly dispensed in community pharmacies in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, as well as the knowledge profile of pharmacists regarding the legal categorization of this class of drugs. Methods: A descriptive study with pharmacists in charge of community pharmacies in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte-MG (n=1,624, October through December 2017) were realized. The invitations to participate were made via e-mail. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire available on the Google Docs® platform, where pharmacists were asked to list the five OTC most dispensed by them in the last 12 months. Results: Responses were obtained from 108 pharmacists. The most dispensed OCT are drugs or combinations of drugs with analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, 35.2% of pharmacists listed at least one non-OTC drug. Of the 468 medicines mentioned, 54 represented medicines under medical prescription. Conclusion: The data indicate a gap in the knowledge of these pharmacists regarding the legal categorization of drugs, which may have legal implications and negative clinical results. In this sense, it is essential to develop strategies, through improvements and education, aiming to supply problems of knowledge and professional conduct.

RESUMO Introdução: Medicamentos isentos de prescrição (MIP) representam expressiva parcela de comercialização no mercado farmacêutico mundial e brasileiro e possuem importância no manejo de problemas de saúde autolimitados e na automedicação responsável, por meio da atuação clínica do farmacêutico. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os MIP mais comumente dispensados em farmácias comunitárias da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, bem como o perfil de conhecimentos dos farmacêuticos em relação a categorização legal desta classe de medicamentos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo em que foram convidados a participar, via e-mail, todos os farmacêuticos responsáveis técnicos por farmácias comunitárias da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG (n=1.624; Outubro a Dezembro de 2017). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário disponível na plataforma Google Docs®, onde requisitou-se aos farmacêuticos que listassem os cinco MIP mais dispensados por eles nos últimos 12 meses. Resultados: Foram obtidas respostas de 108 farmacêuticos. Os MIP mais dispensados constituem fármacos ou associações de fármacos com efeitos analgésico e/ou anti-inflamatório. Além disso 35,2% dos farmacêuticos listaram ao menos um medicamento não considerado isento de prescrição. Dentre 468 medicamentos citados, 54 representavam medicamentos sob prescrição médica. Conclusão: Os dados encontrados indicam uma lacuna no conhecimento desses farmacêuticos em relação à categorização legal de medicamentos, a qual pode acarretar em implicações legais e em resultados clínicos negativos. Neste sentido, torna-se essencial desenvolver estratégias, por meio de aprimoramentos e educação, visando suprir problemas de conhecimentos e condutas profissionais.

Resumo Argilas obtidas da natureza contêm muitas impurezas. Portanto, para melhor utilização destes materiais, é necessária a sua selecção e purificação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é de separar e purificar frações esmectíticas utilizando água como solvente em baixo fluxo misturada com uma argila bentonítica extraída de uma mina em Vitória da Conquista - Bahia / Brasil. Para tanto foi aplicado um método de separação de frações de argilas expansíveis baseado na Lei de Stokes - processo este denominado elutriação, de forma a garantir e expandir possíveis aplicações industriais deste material. As amostras foram caracterizadas por análise de difração de raios X, fluorescência de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O método de Rietveld permitiu a quantificação das principais fases minerais: montmorilonita, caulinita, nontronita e quartzo, alcançando 85% em massa da fase montmorilonita ao fim do processo. Os resultados mostraram que o método utilizado foi eficiente para remover quase todo o quartzo, carbonatos e matéria orgânica a partir da amostra. Observou-se também uma distribuição monomodal de tamanhos de grão dos materiais elutriados com grãos finos, por volta de (18,1 ± 1,8) μm ao fim do processo. Concluiu-se que o método desenvolvido e aplicado mostrou resultados promissores a serem aplicados de modo a elutriar quilogramas de argilas e pode ser utilizado em escala industrial.

Abstract Clays obtained from nature have a lot of impurities. Therefore, for best using of these materials, it is necessary its selection and purification. Thus, the aim of this work is to separate and to purify the smectite fractions using water as a solvent at a low flux mixed with a bentonite clay extracted from a mine in Vitória da Conquista - Bahia / Brazil. For this a separation method of fractions of expandable clays based on the Stokes' Law was applied - this process is called elutriation, in order to ensure and to expand possible industrial applications of this material. The samples were characterized by analysis of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The Rietveld method enabled the quantification of main phase minerals: montmorillonite, kaolinite, nontronite and quartz, reaching 85% in mass of montmorillonite phase at the end of the process. Results showed that the method used was efficient to remove almost all quartz, carbonates and organic matter from the sample. It was also observed a monomodal grain size distribution of elutriated materials with thinner grains, around (18.1 ± 1.8) μm at the end of the process. It has been concluded that the method developed and applied showed promising characters to be applied to elutriate kilograms of clays and could be used in industrial scale.

Pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos de herbicidas em fungos patogênicos habitantes do solo que infectam os feijoeiros. Foi avaliado o efeito de herbicidas no crescimento micelial de Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii e Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Esses fungos causam as doenças de solo mais danosas do feijão. Avaliou-se, em placas de Petri, o crescimento radial desses fungos em meio batata-dextrose-ágar com cinco concentrações (0, 1, 10, 100 e 1.000 mg L-1) dos herbicidas imazamox, fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, bentazon, glyphosate e S-metolachlor. O crescimento micelial de todos os fungos decresceu acentuadamente apenas com o S-metolachlor na concentração de 1.000 mg L-1. Por isso, o efeito desse herbicida também foi testado em duas concentrações (1.000 ou 12.000 mg L-1) na germinação de escleródios de S. rolfsi e S. sclerotiorum (miceliogênica) ou de S. sclerotiorum (carpogênica). Não houve efeito significativo de S-metolachlor na germinação miceliogênica de escleródios desses dois fungos. Entretanto, o S-metolachlor retardou a germinação carpogênica de escleródios de S. sclerotiorum. Os resultados sugerem que o herbicida S-metolachlor tem potencial de uso no manejo de doenças do feijão causadas por fungos de solo.

Little is known about the effects of herbicides on soil-borne pathogens of the common bean. The effects of herbicides on the mycelial growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were evaluated. These soil-borne fungi cause the most devastating diseases on the common bean. Radial mycelial growth of these fungi was evaluated on potato dextrose agar medium in Petri dishes at five concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100, 1,000 mg L-1) of the herbicides imazamox, fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, bentazon, glyphosate, and S-metolachlor. Mycelial growth of all fungi decreased sharply only with S-metolachlor at 1,000 mg L-1. Thus, the effect of S-metolachlor, at two concentrations (1,000 or 12,000 mg L-1), was evaluated on germination of sclerotia of S. rolfsi and S. sclerotiorum (myceliogenic) or S. sclerotiorum (carpogenic). S-metolachlor did not affect significantly the myceliogenic germination of sclerotia of these two fungi. However, S-metolachlor delayed carpogenic germination of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. Our results suggest that the herbicide S-metolachlor has potential to be used for integrated management of common bean diseases caused by soil-borne fungi.

The objective of this work was to study the production and litter quality of three native trees legumes of northeast of Brazil, the faveira (Parkia platycephala Benth.), the pau-ferro (Caesalpinea ferrea Mart. ex Tul.) and bordão-de-velho (Samanea saman (Jack.)Merr.) aiming the inclusion of these species in silvipastoral systems. Samples were taken from material deposited in collectors installed under the canopy of individuals; the samples were separates in folioles, miscellaneous and pods. The average productions were: bordãode-velho, 542; faveira, 311 and pau-ferro, 594 g/m². The three species presented seasonal production, with the bordão-de-velho concentrating the production in August, the faveira from July to October, and the pau-ferro from April to August. The P contents in the three species had been low, with exceptions for pods of bordão-develho (0.21%) and miscellaneus and pods of pau-ferro (0.14 and 0.16%, respectively). The contents of K varied from 0.16%, in miscellaneus of faveira to 0.65% in pods of the bordão-de-velho. The contents of N varied from 0.85%, in miscellaneus of faveira to 2.13% in folioles of bordão-de-velho. The three species showed potential for soil conservation through the deposition of its litter, and for integration in silvipastoral systems.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a produção e qualidade da serrapilheira de três leguminosas arbóreas nativas do Nordeste do Brasil, a faveira (Parkia platycephala Benth.), o pau-ferro (Caesalpinea ferrea Mart. ex Tul.) e o bordão-develho (Samanea saman (Jack.) Merr.) visando a inserção destas em sistemas silvipastoris. Foi recolhido material depositado em coletores instalados sob a copa. As amostras coletadas foram separadas nas frações folíolo, miscelânea e vagem, que foram analisadas quanto aos teores de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. A produção média de serrapilheira no período do bordão-develho foi 542 g/m², da faveira, 311 g/m² e do pauferro, 594 g/m². As três espécies apresentaram sazonalidade de produção, com o bordão-develho concentrando a produção em agosto, a faveira de julho a outubro, e o pau-ferro de abril a agosto. Os teores de P nas três espécies foram baixos, com exceções para a fração vagem do bordão-de-velho (0,21%) e frações miscelânea e vagem do pau-ferro, 0,14% e 0,16%, respectivamente. Os teores de K variaram de 0,16%, na miscelânea da faveira, a 0,65% na vagem do bordão-de-velho. Os teores de N variaram de 0,85%, na miscelânea da faveira, a 2,13% no folíolo do bordão-de-velho. As três espécies demonstraram potencial para conservação de solo para compor sistemas silvipastoris.

Introduction: The literature documents numerous inconveniences of drug administration through feeding tubes. Actions to improve the quality of this practice are of great importance. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the implementation process and results of an Integrated Program to improve drug administration through feeding tubes in a Brazilian general hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive study of a clinic quality improvement program which proceeded in four steps: (1) design of a data base with technical characteristics of oral drugs; (2) application of an identification label on non-crushable tablets; (3) evaluation, through focal groups, of nursing technicians' knowledge of drug administration through feeding tubes, and formal training; (4) prescription review of patients prescribed enteral nutrition and subsequent pharmaceutical intervention. Results: A list with 131 oral drugs used within the hospital was compiled with recommendations for their administration through feeding tubes. Seven non-crushable drugs were identified with "do not crush" labels. Formal training regarding drug administration through feeding tubes was elaborated incorporating findings from the focal groups and applied to the nursing team. Over eight months, we analyzed 888 prescriptions written for 185 patients and addressed 263 pharmaceutical interventions to the medical team (which they accepted in 100% of the cases), and 105 interventions to the nursing team. Conclusions: Qualification programs with multiple strategies, as the one described here, may directly improve drug administration through feeding tubes and help to solve and prevent problems related to this practice.

Introducción: En la bibliografía se documentan muchos inconvenientes de la administración de fármacos a través de las sondas de alimentación. Las acciones para mejorar la calidad de esta práctica son de gran importancia. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es describir el proceso de implantación de un Programa Integrado para mejorar la administración de fármacos a través de las sondas de alimentación y sus resultados en un hospital general de Brasil. Métodos: Este es un estudio descriptivo de un programa de mejora de la calidad clínica que consta de cuatro pasos: (1) diseño de la base de datos con las características técnicas de los fármacos orales; (2) aplicación de una etiqueta de identificación de las tabletas no machacables; (3) evaluación, a través de grupos focales, del conocimiento de los técnicos de enfermería sobre la administración de fármacos a través de sondas de alimentación, y entrenamiento formal; (4) revisión de la prescripción de los pacientes con nutrición enteral y la intervención farmacéutica subsiguiente. Resultados: Se compiló una lista de 131 fármacos orales empleados en el hospital con las recomendaciones de su administración a través de las sondas de alimentación. Se identificaron siete fármacos no machacables con las etiquetas de "no machacar". Se elaboró el entrenamiento formal relativo a la administración de fármacos a través de las sondas de alimentación incorporando los hallazgos de los grupos focales y que fueron aceptadas en el 100% de los casos) y 105 intervenciones al equipo enfermero. Conclusiones: Los programas de cualificación con estrategias múltiples, como el descrito aquí, pueden mejorar directamente la administración de fármacos a través de las sondas de alimentación y ayudar a resolver y evitar los problemas relacionados con esta práctica.

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causal agent of myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a disease mediated by the immune response. HTLV-1 induces a spontaneous proliferation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by T cells, and increasing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels are potentially involved in tissue damage in diseases related to HTLV-1. This exaggerated immune response is also due to an inability of the natural regulatory mechanisms to down-modulate the immune response in this group of patients. TNF-α inhibitors reduce inflammation and have been shown to improve chronic inflammatory diseases in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of pentoxifylline, forskolin, rolipram, and thalidomide to decrease in vitro production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in cells of HTLV-1-infected subjects. Participants of the study included 19 patients with HAM/TSP (mean age, 53 ± 11; male:female ratio, 1:1) and 18 HTLV-1 carriers (mean age, 47 ± 11; male:female ratio, 1:2.6). Cytokines were determined by ELISA in supernatants of mononuclear cell cultures. Pentoxifylline inhibited TNF-α and IFN-γ synthesis with the minimum dose used (50 µM). The results with forskolin were similar to those observed with pentoxifylline. The doses of rolipram used were 0.01-1 µM and the best inhibition of TNF-α production was achieved with 1 µM and for IFN-γ production it was 0.01 µM. The minimum dose of thalidomide used (1 µM) inhibited TNF-α production but thalidomide did not inhibit IFN-γ production even when the maximum dose (50 µM) was used. All drugs had an in vitro inhibitory effect on TNF-α production and, with the exception of thalidomide, all of them also decreased IFN-γ production.

The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease have been increasing in recent years in developing countries. The aim of this study was to report the results of a general chronic kidney disease awareness program applied to an urban population in a large Brazilian city. From January 2002 to January 2005 a total of 8883 individuals in the city of Curitiba (PR, Brazil) were screened for hypertension, body mass index, hematuria, and proteinuria. A family history and previous medical diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) were also recorded. Of the 8883 individuals assessed, 56% were women, subject median age was 47 years (range: 17-93 years) and more than 90% were Caucasian. Thirty percent had signs of hematuria, 6% had proteinuria, and 3% had hematuria and proteinuria. The median of mean arterial pressure values was 93 mmHg (range: 71-135 mmHg) and 16% of the population screened had a history of hypertension. A significant positive family history of both hypertension or DM was present in 42% (P < 0.0001; chi-square = 83.18) and 7% (P < 0.0001; chi-square = 161.31) of the hypertensive group, respectively. Finally, the prevalence of hypertension and DM was significantly higher in older individuals with proteinuria. In the present study, a higher prevalence of hematuria and proteinuria was found in older individuals with hypertension and diabetes compared to the general population. These data confirm the need for public awareness of renal disease in high-risk individuals.

The use of electroflotation in emulsified oil wastes was studied. A rectangular electroflotation cell was designed and constructed in acrylic with stainless steel cathode and DSA® anode with a nominal composition of Ti/Ru0.34Ti0.66O2. The variables studied in the present work were current density and oil, flocculant and electrolyte (NaCl) concentrations. The experiments were carried out in accordance with 2(4) full factorial experimental designs with two center points. The STATISTICA 5.5 software was used for calculations in order to relate experimental data to a statistical model. The best results, yielded 99.71% oil removal were obtained from 1050ppm of emulsified oil feed.

Pós cerâmicos microestruturados de Sr1-xNi xSnO3 (x de 0 a 0,20) foram sintetizados com sucesso pelo método dos precursores poliméricos. Os precursores foram caracterizados por análise térmica. Três etapas de decomposição foram observadas: a primeira relacionada com o processo de desidratação, a segunda e a terceira são processos de combustão da matéria orgânica. A caracterização estrutural foi feita por difração de raios X, espectrofotometria de absorção óptica no infravermelho e espectroscopia Raman após calcinação a 700 ºC, indicando a presença da fase SrSnO3 ortorrômbica. Quando níquel II foi adicionado na rede cristalina do estanato, foi observada uma transição de fase, conduzindo a uma nova estrutura pseudo-cúbica. Com base nos resultados de Raman e difração de raios X, foi analisada a ordem-desordem a curto e longo alcance. Os resultados experimentais mostram a formação de fases secundárias quando níquel II é adicionado na matriz, com calcinação a 700 ºC.

Sr1-xNi xSnO3 (x from 0 to 0.20) powders were synthesized by the polymeric precursor method. The powder precursors were characterized by thermal analysis. Three decomposition steps were observed: the first step related to the dehydration process, the second and third ones assigned to combustion processes. The structural characterization was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy after calcination at 700 °C, indicating the presence of orthorhombic SrSnO3. When nickel is added to the structure, a phase transition is observed, leading to the presence of a pseudo-cubic phase. Based on Raman and XRD results, the order-disorder at short and long range were analyzed. The experimental results show the formation of a secondary phase when nickel is added to the material and calcined at 700 ºC.

False positive serologic reactions and difficulties in the diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in chickens have increased lately as a result of infection by low virulent MG strains and the use of live MG vaccines in poultry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the serologic responses of SPF chickens exposed to the three commercially available live MG vaccines, and one low virulent MG strain (MG-70), contributing to the diagnosis and monitoring of MG infection in birds. Six groups of SPF chickens were used. The control group was not infected nor challenged; one group was infected with the low virulent strain MG-70 (MG-70); three groups were immunized and named after the MG vaccine used, i.e., MG-6/85, MG-ts11, and MG-F; and finally one group was infected with the virulent MG standard strain, MGR. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPDPCR) was used to compare the strains to each other, to the standard MG-A5969, and to MGR. All strains were found to be genetically distinguishable from each other. Birds in the control group showed negative results throughout the experiment and showed no cross-reaction with M. synoviae in any serologic test. ELISA tests at 21 days post first exposure (P1E) and seven days after the second exposure (P2E), evidenced that 25% of the MG70 birds were positive, whereas vaccine groups yielded higher positivity rate, i.e., 57%, 43% and 29% for MG-6/85, MG-ts11 and MG-F, respectively. Serum plate agglutination (SPA) evidenced the first positive results at 35 days P1E on birds in the MG-F group at the rate of 100%; followed by 40% of birds in the MG-70 group at 63 days P1E. Chickens in MG-ts11 and MG 6/85 groups had identical behavior and yielded 100% positive SPA at 77 days P1E. In regard to hemagglutination inhibition (HI), 14 % of the birds in MG-F and MG-ts11 reacted at 42 days P1E, while MG-70 and MG-6/85 groups yielded positive results only after challenge; MG-70 birds reacted at 56 days P1E at the rate of 17% against 63 days P1E for 100% of MG-6/85 birds. The time lag for positive serologic response was monitored on a weekly basis and was statistically different among groups (p<0.05) by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). No clinical signs or gross lesions were seen in the control, vaccinated or MG-70 infected birds. Tracheitis and airsaculitis were observed in birds in the MG-R group. MG was isolated from all studied groups.

Foram colecionados e analisados dados da literatura sobre condutividade iônica sigma e energia de ativação de condução E A, considerando o sistema binário silicato de sódio numa ampla faixa de composições. O modelo de Anderson e Stuart foi utilizado para descrever a tendência de decréscimo da energia de ativação EA com a concentração de álcalis neste sistema. Nesta análise foram considerados parâmetros experimentais tais como módulo de cisalhamento G e permissividade dielétrica relativa épsilon. Uma regra geral de condutividade foi observada em 194 de 205 vidros analisados quando se plota log sigma vs. E A/kB T, onde kB é a constante de Boltzmann e T é a temperatura absoluta. Isto significa que a relação de Arrhenius apresenta uma unicidade característica universal da forma sigma = sigma (E A,T) numa ampla faixa de composições (Na2O). Os resultados também mostraram que há uma forte correlação, por mais de 19 ordens de grandeza, da condutividade com o parâmetro E A/kB T. Uma explicação deste comportamento relaciona condutividade iônica e estrutura microscópica. O problema da separação de fases neste sistema também foi considerado.

We collected and analyzed literature data on ionic conductivity sigma and activation energy E A in the binary sodium silicate system in a wide composition range. The Anderson and Stuart model has been considered to describe the decreasing tendency of activation energy E A with alkali concentration in this system. In this analysis were considered experimental parameters, such as shear modulus G and relative dielectric permittivity epsilon. A general conductivity rule is found in 194 of 205 glasses, when one plots log sigma vs. E A/kB T, where kB is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature. This fact means that the arrhenian relation has universal uniqueness of form sigma = sigma (E A,T) in wide Na2O composition range. The results also show that there is strong correlation by more than 19 orders of magnitude on conductivity with E A/kBT. An explanation for this behavior links ionic conductivity and microscopic structure. The problem of phase separation in this system is also considered.

The University Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais is used as a training field for nursing undergraduate students. Therefore, the Hospital and the Nursing School, with a view to integrating teaching and service, created a Nurse Training Commission in order to coordinate curricular and extracurricular training in this area, systematically organizing the technical visits and the voluntary work and to implement a Continuing Education Program. The purpose of this article is to report the experience of implementing this Commission, showing its actions and the results achieved. The work of the Commission is contributing to the students' development and professional improvement as well as to the members of the nursing team.

El Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais se emplea como campo de entrenamiento para cursos de graduación y nivel intermedio del curso de Enfermería. En este contexto el Hospital y la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais designaron una Comisión de Capacitación de Enfermeros con miras a integrar enseñanza - trabajo. Las tareas asignadas a dicha comisión fueron: coordinar los entrenamientos curriculares y extracurriculares en enfermería, sistematizar las visitas técnicas y el voluntariado e implantar el Programa de Educación Continuada. El objetivo de este artículo es relatar la experiencia de implantación de tal comisión, evidenciando su trayectoria y los resultados alcanzados. El trabajo de la comisión ha contribuido al desarrollo y crecimiento profesional de los alumnos y de los trabajadores en enfermería.

O Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais-HC-UFMG é utilizado como campo de estágio para cursos de graduação e de nível médio da enfermagem. Neste contexto, o Hospital e a Escola de Enfermagem-UFMG, visando à integração ensino-serviço, instituíram a Comissão de Estágios em Enfermagem para coordenar os estágios curriculares e extracurriculares nesta área; sistematizar as visitas técnicas e o trabalho voluntário e implantar o Programa de Educação Continuada. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência de implantação desta Comissão, evidenciando a sua trajetória e os resultados alcançados. O trabalho da Comissão tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento e crescimento profissional dos estagiários e dos trabalhadores da enfermagem.